Elkawnie
type: channel
description: Journal Title : Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology ISSN : 2460-8920 (online) | 2460-8912 (print) DOI Prefix : Prefix 10.22373/ekw by Crossref Editor in Chief : Muhammad Ridwan Harahap Managing Editor : Abd Mujahid Hamdan Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Frequency : 2 issues per year (June and December) Citation Analysis : DOAJ | Index Copernicus | Sinta | Google Scholar Elkawnie is a journal of integration science and technology with Islam. It covers research and technology in the fields of study of architecture, biology, chemistry, environmental engineering, ICT, physical engineering, and other science and technology fields. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses research and technology development contributing to the development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere. The history of the Elkawnie Journal was started by switching the status of IAIN Ar-Raniry to UIN Ar-Raniry, while the Faculty of Science and Technology of UIN Ar-Raniry was formed on October 13, 2013. As a form of institutional commitment to the tri dharma of higher education for lecturers, lecturer writing was formed in a journal. This journal is named Elkawnie. The name Elkawnie itself comes from Arabic, namely Kauniyah, which means verses that prove the signs of the existence of Allah SWT in human life. The Elkawnie Journal was formed on December 12, 2014, and began releasing for the first time in Volume 1 Number 1, June 2015. In 2018, Elkawnie was accredited by the Decree of the General Director of Strengthening Research and Development, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 34/E/KPT/2018. This accreditation is valid from 10 December 2018 to 10 December 2023. In 2019, Elkawnie returned to re-accreditation to obtain a higher rank, namely SINTA 2, with certificate number 28/E/KPT/2019. In 2025, back with certificate number 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025. Office Address: Faculty of Science and Technology Bu…
publisher: Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
language: en
publication name: Elkawnie
issn: 2460-8920
copyright: Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access Authors who publish with the Elkawnie journal agree to the following terms: a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
items: Analysis of Dam Break Impacts and Mitigation Strategies Using HEC-RAS 2D Modeling
items: Evaluation of PET Waste-Modified Asphalt Performance Under Environmental Stress: A Multi-Scale Analysis of Rheological and Durability Properties
items: Utilizing Bulu Clam Shell and Sikacim Concrete as Partial Cement Replacement in Porous Concrete Production
items: Cybersecurity Policies Differences in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review of Public and Private Sector
items: The Impact of Coagulant Type and Dosage on Turbidity and pH Levels in Raw Water Treatment: A Comparative Study Using The Jar Test Method and Full-Scale Water Treatment Plant
items: Computational Study of Classical Fractals and Newton Basins of Attraction in The Complex Plane
items: Environmental Quality Assessment of Planned Residential Areas in a Peri-Urban Zone Under Urban Sprawl Pressure: A Case Study of Ingin Jaya Subdistrict, Indonesia
items: Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Nanocream of Resam Leaves (Dicranopteris lineraris) and Jeruk Kunci Fruits Waste (Citrus x microcarpa) Extract
items: Identification of Subsurface Structures of Accretion Area Using HVSR Method: A Case Study of Bengkulu City
items: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Extract From West Lampung
items: Identification of The Driving Factors Behind The Transformation of The Landscape in Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia, Based on Local Perception
items: A Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolite Profile and Phytochemical Composition of Ulva lactuca Macroalgae From The Coast of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
items: The Relationship Between Conflict Risk of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Vegetation Density in The Leuser Ecosystem Area of South Aceh District
items: Graft Copolymerization of Natural Rubber With Functionalized Glycidyl Methacrylate Via Thermal and Free Radical Initiation: Effect of Processing Temperatures and Times
items: Identifying It Governance and Management Objectives (GMO) With COBIT 2019: Case Study Islamic State University Ar-Raniry
items: Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial Activity Test of Chalcone Analogue Compounds From 1-Acetylnaphthalene With Furfural
items: Characteristics of Liquid Waste-Derived Organic Fertilizer Enriched With Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Through Anaerobic Fermentation
items: The Effect of Pretreatment Temperature in The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extraction Method on DNA Quality
items: Photocatalytic Degradation of Batik Cual Wastewater Using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Composite Derived From Tin Tailing
items: Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
items: Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study
items: Analysis of Microplastics of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra Using FT-IR Spectroscopy
items: Implications of Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Deforestation on Plant Diversity for Bucerotidae Bird Feed in Aceh Province
items: Production of Lipase Enzyme by Marine Actinobacteria With Various pH and Temperature
items: Screening and Identification of Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm. Endophytic Bacteria From Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province
items: Chars From Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal Tandem Pyrolysis Carbonizations of Polyvinyl Chloride: Dechlorination Ability and Its Surface Characterization
items: Analysis of Visitors’ Perceptions on Circulation Comfort and Accessibility at Masjid Raya Baiturrahman Banda Aceh
items: Utilization of Piji Palm [Pinanga coronata (Blume) Blume] by People Around Baturraden Botanical Garden, Banyumas Regency, Central Jawa
items: Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) and Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Leaves as Natural Antioxidant Food Additive
items: Effect of Acetobacter aceti Concentration and Fermentation Time on Acetic Acid Content Produced From Seaweed Gracilaria sp.

Analysis of Dam Break Impacts and Mitigation Strategies Using HEC-RAS 2D Modeling
type: item
description: Abstract: Dam failure is a critical hydrological hazard with potentially severe impacts on downstream communities and infrastructure. This study analyzes dam break impacts and mitigation strategies using two-dimensional hydraulic modeling with HEC-RAS 2D, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis, at the Kerinci Merangin Hydropower Dam in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Overtopping and piping failure scenarios were simulated to estimate peak discharge, inundation extent, flow velocity, and flood wave arrival time, which directly informed the design of a site-specific Emergency Action Plan (EAP). Simulation results indicate that a complete dam failure could generate a peak discharge of approximately 681.5 m³/s, with flood waves reaching high-risk downstream areas within only 15-20 minutes. GIS-based hazard mapping reveals that several critical access and evacuation routes are located within high-inundation zones, limiting conventional evacuation feasibility. A sensitivity analysis of key hydraulic parameters, including breach geometry and Manning’s roughness coefficient, demonstrates that small parameter variations significantly affect flood arrival time and evacuation lead-time reliability. The study’s contribution lies in demonstrating how sensitivity-informed dam break modeling can identify evacuation constraints and support the development of a highly localized, rapid-response EAP, moving beyond generic mitigation frameworks toward operationally feasible disaster preparedness. Abstrak: Kegagalan bendungan merupakan bahaya hidrologi yang kritis dengan potensi dampak yang serius terhadap masyarakat dan infrastruktur di wilayah hilir. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak keruntuhan bendungan dan strategi mitigasi menggunakan pemodelan hidraulik dua dimensi dengan HEC-RAS 2D yang terintegrasi dengan analisis spasial berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), dengan studi kasus Bendungan PLTA Kerinci Merangin di Provinsi Jambi, Indonesia. Ske…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dam break
  topic: keywords
subject: HEC-RAS 2D
  topic: keywords
subject: Flood modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: sensitivity analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: emergency action plan
  topic: keywords
subject: Dam break
  topic: subjects
subject: HEC-RAS 2D
  topic: subjects
subject: Flood modeling
  topic: subjects
subject: Emergency action plan
  topic: subjects
subject: GIS
  topic: subjects
subject: Mitigation strategy
  topic: subjects
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Water Resources Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Engineering
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  topic: disciplines
creator: Tasri Salam
creator: Hafnidar A Rani
creator: Firmansyah Rachman
creator: Azmeri Azmeri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tasri Salam, Hafnidar A. Rani, Firmansyah Rachman, Azmeri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 155
ending page: 170
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.31844

Evaluation of PET Waste-Modified Asphalt Performance Under Environmental Stress: A Multi-Scale Analysis of Rheological and Durability Properties
type: item
description: Abstract: Diesel fuel spills can significantly accelerate asphalt binder softening and mixture deterioration, leading to reduced pavement durability. This study applies a multi-scale evaluation framework to quantify the effectiveness of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste in mitigating diesel-induced degradation of asphalt by comparing conventional asphalt (0% PET, control) with PET-modified binders and mixtures containing 6% and 8% PET. The primary objective is to determine whether PET modification can enhance asphalt resistance to diesel contamination by examining the relationship between molecular-level stability, rheological response, and mixture-level performance, using standardized procedures in accordance with the Indonesian Bina Marga 2018 specification and relevant SNI and ASTM standards. The results indicate that diesel exposure causes severe degradation in the control binder, with non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) increasing by up to 62% after six hours, reflecting a substantial loss of resistance to permanent deformation. In contrast, PET-modified binders show markedly improved stability, with the 8% PET binder limiting the Jnr increase to approximately 51% under the same exposure, indicating the highest resistance to diesel-induced rheological deterioration. This improvement is consistently reflected at the mixture scale, where the control asphalt mixture experiences a 47% reduction in Marshall stability, while the mixture containing 8% PET shows only an 11% reduction after diesel conditioning. Overall, the findings demonstrate that PET waste—particularly at an 8% dosage—significantly enhances asphalt resistance to diesel-related chemical and mechanical damage. This study provides clear mechanistic and performance-based evidence that PET upcycling is an effective and sustainable strategy for producing more fuel-resistant asphalt pavements. Abstrak: Tumpahan bahan bakar diesel dapat secara signifikan mempercepat pelunakan aspal dan degradasi camp…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PET-modified asphalt
  topic: keywords
subject: Rheological properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular size distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: Diesel spill
  topic: keywords
subject: Aspalth
  topic: keywords
creator: Firmansyah Rachman
creator: Cut Nawalul Azka
creator: Tamalkhani Syammaun
creator: Khairul Hamdi
creator: T.M. Dandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Firmansyah Rachman, Cut Nawalul Azka, Tamalkhani Syammaun, Khairul Hamdi, T.M. Dandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 93
ending page: 110
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.29836

Utilizing Bulu Clam Shell and Sikacim Concrete as Partial Cement Replacement in Porous Concrete Production
type: item
description: Abstract: The novelty of this research lies in the utilization of waste from bulu clam shells, which are abundantly found in Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, combined with Sikacim as a partial substitute for cement in the production of pervious concrete. Bulu clam shells are waste materials with a high calcium carbonate (CaO) content. The development of compressive strength and porosity characteristics of pervious concrete is the main objective of this study. Therefore, this research employs bulu clam shell waste and Sikacim as partial replacements for cement in the production of pervious concrete to minimize the environmental impact of waste. The methodology refers to ACI 522R-10 with a curing age of 28 days. The test specimens were cylindrical with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. The mix variations of pervious concrete in comparison to cement:shell:Sikacim were (100:0:0; 95:5:0; 95:0:5; 90:10:0; 90:0:10; 90:5:5)%. SEM analysis indicates that bulu clam shell waste exhibits a characteristic aragonite morphology, marked by needle-like and rough surface textures. XRF analysis shows that bulu clam shell waste has significant potential for various industrial applications due to its high CaO content and the presence of other supporting elements such as Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. The porosity test results of pervious concrete show that the addition of Sikacim tends to increase porosity, particularly at a dosage of 5%, reaching 27.3%. In contrast, the addition of bulu clam shell waste reduces porosity due to its ability to fill micro-pores. The compressive strength test results demonstrate that bulu clam shell waste is highly effective in increasing the compressive strength of pervious concrete, especially at a 10% composition, achieving 8.86 MPa, which represents a 1.7% increase compared to normal concrete. It can be concluded that bulu clam shell waste has strong potential for the development of the construction industry, as it can partially replace cement wh…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bulu clam shell
  topic: keywords
subject: porous concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: sikacim concrete
  topic: keywords
creator: Fynnisa Z
creator: Muhammad Irwansyah
creator: Moraida Hasanah
creator: Nur Haliza
creator: Sophia Az-Zahra P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fynnisa Z, Muhammad Irwansyah, Moraida Hasanah, Nur Haliza, Sophia Az Zahra P https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-18
publication date: 2025-12-18
starting page: 63
ending page: 76
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.31991

Cybersecurity Policies Differences in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review of Public and Private Sector
type: item
description: Abstract: Rapid digital transformation has increased the reliance of various sectors on information technology, while simultaneously giving rise to increasingly complex cybersecurity risks. Threats such as malware, ransomware, and attacks on critical infrastructure not only result in economic losses but can also disrupt national stability and undermine public trust. In this context, both the public and private sectors play crucial roles through their implemented cybersecurity policies. The public sector, represented by institutions such as the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), has a primary mandate to safeguard public interests and national resilience through a top-down approach based on formal regulations. Meanwhile, the private sector is more driven by market demands, the need for innovation, and efforts to maintain customer trust. Therefore, its cybersecurity policies tend to be adaptive, adopting international standards such as ISO/IEC 27001 or the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to identify, evaluate, and synthesize findings from scientific journals, national policy documents, and recent cybersecurity reports. The results reveal fundamental differences in motivation, governance, and risk mitigation strategies between the public and private sectors in Indonesia. The public sector places greater emphasis on legal compliance and protecting vital infrastructure, while the private sector focuses more on speed of response and protecting business reputation. However, both sectors face similar challenges, such as limited cybersecurity expertise, technology adoption gaps, and weak cross-institutional coordination. This study recommends strengthening public-private collaboration through strategic partnerships to comprehensively and sustainably enhance national cybersecurity resilience. Abstrak: Percepatan transformasi digital meningkatkan ketergantungan berbagai sekto…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Private Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Risks
  topic: keywords
subject: Mitigation Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: subjects
subject: Public Policy
  topic: subjects
subject: Public Sector
  topic: subjects
subject: Private Sector
  topic: subjects
subject: Digital Risks
  topic: subjects
subject: Mitigation Strategies
  topic: subjects
subject: information System
  topic: disciplines
subject: ICT
  topic: disciplines
creator: Rahmat Rambe
creator: Mochamad Teguh Kurniawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Rambe, Mochamad Teguh Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
doi: 10.22373/

The Impact of Coagulant Type and Dosage on Turbidity and pH Levels in Raw Water Treatment: A Comparative Study Using The Jar Test Method and Full-Scale Water Treatment Plant
type: item
description: Abstract: The Gajah Mungkur Multipurpose Dam in Wonogiri functions as a source of raw surface water for the surrounding area. This water often contains suspended particles and colloidal substances due to natural processes such as soil erosion, plant decomposition, and microbial activity. This study evaluated three coagulants: Hincolac, PAC 280 Ac, and PAC 250 Ac, at dosages of 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 ppm. The results of the jar test were compared with those of the full-scale water treatment plant operational test. The findings revealed that the Hincolac coagulant demonstrated superior performance, achieving an efficiency level of 98.60%, which exceeded that of the PAC 250 A and 280 AC coagulants. Hincolac coagulant reached optimal effectiveness at a concentration of 80 ppm, whereas PAC 280 AC and 250 coagulants achieved their highest efficiency at 100 ppm, resulting in turbidity reductions of 98.1% and 97.92%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that all coagulant types significantly affected turbidity, pH, and floc size (p < 0.001). In a comprehensive application, a dosage of Hincolac 67 ± 7.7 ppm was comparable to the tube test method and effectively achieved a 99% reduction in turbidity in the water-treatment output. Elevated alkalinity and Al₂O₃ concentrations significantly influence the effectiveness of coagulant-based water treatment. Abstrak: Bendungan Serbaguna Gajah Mungkur di Wonogiri berfungsi sebagai sumber air baku berbasis air permukaan. Air permukaan sering kali mengandung partikel tersuspensi dan bahan koloid yang dihasilkan dari kejadian alami, seperti erosi tanah, pembusukan tanaman, dan aktivitas mikroba. Studi ini melibatkan tiga jenis koagulan, yaitu Hincolac, PAC 280 Ac, dan PAC 250 Ac, dan menggunakan metode dosis variabel, 60, 70, 80, 90, dan 100 (ppm). Hasil uji jar test dibandingkan dengan hasil uji operasional wtp kapasitas penuh. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa koagulan Hincolac menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik, mencapai tingkat ef…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: surface water
  topic: keywords
subject: water treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: coagulant
  topic: keywords
subject: jartest
  topic: keywords
subject: full scale application
  topic: keywords
creator: Budi Wijaya
creator: Sudarno Sudarno
creator: Ganjar Samudro
creator: Rachmad Ardhianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Budi Wiajaya, Sudarno Sudarno, Ganjar Samudro, Rachmad Ardhianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 46
ending page: 62
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.30001

Computational Study of Classical Fractals and Newton Basins of Attraction in The Complex Plane
type: item
description: Abstract: Fractal sets such as the Sierpinski Gasket, the Julia set, the Mandelbrot, and the Newton basin attraction provide rich examples of self-similar structures arising from simple iterative rules. In this work, we present a computational study of these fractals with emphasis on parameter sensitivity and basin dynamics. Using C++, we generated classical fractals (Sierpinski, Julia, and Mandelbrot) and verified their self-similar properties through coordinate transformations. For the Newton basin attraction of the polynomial, implemented in MATLAB, we analyzed the effect of the exponent, complex constant, and iteration depth on convergence regions. The results show that the number of basin attractions corresponds to the polynomial degree, with clear rotational symmetries, while the parameter controls the orientation and distribution of convergence regions. Furthermore, the boundary of the Newton basin attraction was observed to align with Julia sets, highlighting the intrinsic connection between these two fractal structures. This study demonstrates how computational visualization provides analytical insight into the structure and parameter dependence of fractal systems, establishing a systematic framework for parameter-based fractal analysis that bridges classical visualization with numerical dynamics. Abstrak: Himpunan fraktal seperti segitiga Sierpinski, Julia, Mandelbrot, dan Newton basin atraksi merupakan representasi khas dari struktur self-similarity yang terbentuk melalui aturan iteratif sederhana. Penelitian ini menyajikan kajian komputasional terhadap fraktal-fraktal tersebut dengan fokus pada sensitivitas parameter serta dinamika basin atraksi. Algoritma fraktal klasik diimplementasikan menggunakan C++ untuk menghasilkan pola Sierpinski, Julia, dan Mandelbrot sekaligus memverifikasi sifat swasimilaritasnya melalui transformasi koordinat. Sementara itu, Newton basin atraksi dari polinomial dianalisis menggunakan MATLAB untuk mengkaji pengaruh eksponen, …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Basin of attraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractal
  topic: keywords
subject: Julia Set
  topic: keywords
subject: Mandelbrot Set
  topic: keywords
subject: Newton Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Sierpinski Gasket
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Sahrani
creator: Salmawaty Salmawaty
creator: Said Munzir
creator: Saiful Amri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Sahrani, Salmawaty, Said Munzir, Saiful Amri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 31
ending page: 45
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.25438

Environmental Quality Assessment of Planned Residential Areas in a Peri-Urban Zone Under Urban Sprawl Pressure: A Case Study of Ingin Jaya Subdistrict, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract: Urban sprawl in peri-urban areas encourages rapid growth of planned settlements, but this is often not accompanied by the provision of adequate basic infrastructure, thereby potentially reducing the quality of the settlement environment. This study aims to quantitatively assess the quality of planned settlements in Ingin Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency, as a peri-urban area experiencing post-disaster urban sprawl pressure. The assessment was conducted at the residential block level using a scoring and weighting method based on seven environmental quality parameters, including building layout, width and condition of access roads, residential location, drainage system, availability of clean water, and waste management facilities. A total of 61 residential blocks were analyzed out of 286 blocks, using proportional stratified random sampling. The results of the study show that 52% of residential blocks are in good condition, 36% are in fair condition, and 12% are in poor condition. The parameters of building layout and clean water availability generally meet the standards, while road width, road condition, drainage systems, and waste management facilities are the main factors causing a decline in the environmental quality of residential areas. Based on these evaluation results, improvement guidelines were formulated, focusing on enhancing basic infrastructure, enforcing spatial planning regulations, and strengthening the roles of local governments, developers, and the community. Abstrak: Urban sprawl di kawasan peri-urban mendorong pertumbuhan pesat permukiman terencana, namun perkembangan tersebut sering kali tidak diikuti oleh penyediaan infrastruktur dasar yang memadai, sehingga berpotensi menurunkan kualitas lingkungan permukiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai secara kuantitatif kualitas lingkungan permukiman terencana di Kecamatan Ingin Jaya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, sebagai kawasan peri-urban yang mengalami tekanan urban sprawl pascabencana. P…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urban Expansion
  topic: keywords
subject: Residential Environmental Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Block Level Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Peri-Urban Settlement
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Sprawl, Settlement Environmental Quality, Peri-Urban
  topic: subjects
subject: Urban and Regional Planning
  topic: disciplines
creator: Zainuddin Hasan
creator: Sri Batara Nurfajri Arisaputri
creator: Fradisa Alicia
creator: Farisa Sabila
creator: Zahrul Fuady
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zainuddin Hasan, Sri Batara Nurfajri Arisaputri, Fradisa Alicia, Farisa Sabila, Zahrul Fuady https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 171
ending page: 188
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.31691

Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Nanocream of Resam Leaves (Dicranopteris lineraris) and Jeruk Kunci Fruits Waste (Citrus x microcarpa) Extract
type: item
description: Abstract: Premature aging especially among women has become a serious problem that impacts self-confidence. This is caused by exposure to excess ultraviolet radiation, which induces the formation of reactive oxygen species and increases the activity of tyrosinase enzymes in the melanogenesis process. This study examined the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase capabilities of nanocream formulated with Dicranopteris linearis (resam) leaf and Citrus x microcarpa (jeruk kunci) fruit extracts sourced from Bangka Belitung. A stepwise microwave-assisted extraction process was conducted using three solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, with ethanol proving most effective at extracting bioactive compounds (64.97% yield from resam leaves and 21.12% from jeruk kunci). Phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extracts contained the highest levels of active compounds: resam extracts had 179.78 mg GAE/g total phenolics and 90.33 mg QE/g total flavonoids, while jeruk kunci extracts contained 135.65 mg GAE/g phenolics and 72.64 mg QE/g flavonoids. Physical characterization confirmed the nanocream met quality standards specified in Indonesian National Standard SNI 16-4954-1998. Biological testing revealed strong antioxidant properties, with the nanocream achieving IC₅₀ values between 7.34 and 16.36 μg/mL, markedly better than single extracts alone (IC₅₀ 29.58–72.33 μg/mL). The formulation also showed considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activity at IC₅₀ 100.16 μg/mL. The results indicate the potential of resam leaves and jeruk kunci fruits extract nanocream as an innovative natural ingredient-based anti-aging cosmetic preparation. Abstrak: Penuaan dini terutama di kalangan wanita telah menjadi masalah serius yang berdampak pada kepercayaan diri. Hal ini disebabkan oleh paparan radiasi ultraviolet berlebih yang menginduksi pembentukan reactive oxygen species dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim tirosinase dalam proses melanogenesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sediaan na…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Dicranopteris linearis
  topic: keywords
subject: Citrus x microcarpa
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanocream
  topic: keywords
subject: Tyrosinase
  topic: keywords
creator: Occa Roanisca
creator: Rian Hidayat
creator: Nova Azka Tafdila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Occa Roanisca, Rian Hidayat, Nova Azka Tafdila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 77
ending page: 92
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.29453

Identification of Subsurface Structures of Accretion Area Using HVSR Method: A Case Study of Bengkulu City
type: item
description: Abstract: Bengkulu City, located in a tectonically active accretion zone, was selected as the study area due to its high susceptibility to seismic hazards The Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method based on microtremor data is an effective non-invasive technique to determine the dominant frequency (fo ), amplification factor (Ao ), and shear wave velocity profile (Vs ). This study aims to identify subsurface structures in the accretion area of Bengkulu City by analyzing microtremor data using the HVSR method. Data acquisition was conducted at 45 measurement points, recorded using a PASI Mod Gemini 2 Sn 1405 Seismometer. Data analysis utilized the Python version 3.7.0 computing platform and the Terraware-HV to derive HV curves describing the fo and Ao. The values of fo and Ao were used to calculate the seismic susceptibility index (Kg). Furthermore, the inversion of HVSR curves was conducted to obtain the Vs. The results showed that fo 0.90-2.10 Hz, Ao 2.08-5.49, Kg 4.36-21.68, and Vs30 were identified as type D (180≤ Vs < 360), which indicates that the subsurface rock consists of a stiff soil layer. Furthermore, Vs the inversion of the HVSR curve shows that vertically, the subsurface structure of the study area consists of several layers, namely soft soil, stiff soil, very dense soil, and soft rock. The 3D model of the Vs distribution confirms that the study area, consistent with its identity as an accretion zone, is predominantly composed of alluvial deposits, including layers of sand and clay. Abstrak: Kota Bengkulu, yang terletak di zona akresi yang aktif secara tektonik, dipilih sebagai area penelitian karena kerentanannya yang tinggi terhadap bahaya seismik. Metode Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) berbasis data mikrotremor merupakan teknik non-invasif yang efektif untuk menentukan frekuensi dominan (fo), faktor amplifikasi (Ao), serta profil kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur bawah p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HVSR Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Microtremor
  topic: keywords
subject: Subsurface Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Shear Wave Velocity (Vs)
  topic: keywords
creator: Agnes Apriana
creator: M. Fikri Azhari
creator: Elfi Yuliza
creator: Refrizon Refrizon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Agnes Apriana, M. Fikri Azhari, Elfi Yuliza, Refrizon Refrizon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 111
ending page: 126
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.30270

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Extract From West Lampung
type: item
description: Abstract: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of Indonesia's export commodities, which is widely grown in Lampung Province. West Lampung Regency is the main producer of robusta coffee in Lampung Province. Robusta coffee contains various metabolites with potential as an antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study aims to analyze the metabolite content (phytochemical compounds) of robusta coffee ethanol extract qualitatively and quantitatively, followed by determining antioxidant activity (DPPH method) and antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC method) against tested bacteria including Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Eschericia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Robusta coffee extract from West Lampung showed positive results for phytochemical compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and negative for steroids. The quantification results of total phenolic content (TPC) were 62.88 mgGAE/g extract, total flavonoids content (TFC) were 23.90 mgQE/g extract, total tannins content (TTC) were 176.73 mgTAE/g extract, and total saponins content (TSC) were 10.37%. This extract classified as a very strong antioxidant with an IC50 value of 35.02 ppm, and moderate antibacterial activity at a concentration of MIC/MBC 125/125 ppm against all bacterial tested. Therefore, robusta coffee extract was a natural ingredient with potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Abstrak: Kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia yang banyak ditanam di Provinsi Lampung. Kabupaten Lampung Barat merupakan penghasil utama kopi robusta di Provinsi Lampung. Kopi robusta mengandung berbagai metabolit yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan metabolit (senyawa fitokimia) dari ekstrak etanol kopi robusta secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran aktivitas antioksi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antibacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: robusta coffee
  topic: keywords
subject: West Lampung
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemical content
  topic: keywords
creator: Iffa Afiqa Khairani
creator: Hida Arliani Nur Anisa
creator: Jeane Siswitasari Mulyana
creator: Elisa Nurma Riana
creator: Wahyuni Dian Lestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iffa Afiqa Khairani, Hida Arliani Nur Anisa, Jeane Siswitasari Mulyana, Elisa Nurma Riana, Wahyuni Dian Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.26200

Identification of The Driving Factors Behind The Transformation of The Landscape in Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia, Based on Local Perception
type: item
description: Abstract: Information on land use changes and land cover change studies to understand the dynamics of landscape change is very useful for planning sustainable landscape management. Changes to the landscape not only have an impact on people's welfare but also on the way people view and use the landscape. Land-based investments have implications for spatial development and influence landscape dynamics. Cities continue to experience growth, including cities on small islands. The city of Sabang, whose territory is small islands in Aceh Province, Indonesia, is experiencing an increase in local population, immigration, and government policy encouragement to improve the economy. It is worth paying attention to knowing the dynamics of landscape change and the driving factors based on local perceptions. It is important to understand the patterns of land use and land cover changes from 2013 to 2021, as well as the driving factors based on local community perceptions that may influence future spatial planning and land utilization in Sabang City. This study uses mixed methods consisting of analysis of land use and land cover change patterns based on remote sensing using ArcGIS and TerrSet software on Spot 6 and Spot 7 image data to provide information on the transition of land cover change. The results of the analysis of changes in land use and land cover from 2013 to 2021 and the driving factors based on local perceptions from elements of Sabang City society were carried out through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews covering 120 households. To assess the drivers of changes in the Land Use and Land Cover (LUCL) of the Sabang City area, which were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows. The results of the analysis of changes in land use and land cover show that most of the land in Sabang is still covered by forest land in 2021, namely 50%. 175 ha, or 67%, of the growing built-up area is covered, while the infilling and outlying …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: landscape change
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: local perception
  topic: keywords
subject: driving factor
  topic: keywords
subject: small island
  topic: keywords
subject: Sabang City
  topic: keywords
creator: Faisal Azwar
creator: Ashfa Achmad
creator: Mahidin Mahidin
creator: Mirza Irwansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Faisal Azwar, Ashfa Achmad, Mahidin Mahidin, Mirza Irwansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 207
ending page: 224
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.25043

A Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolite Profile and Phytochemical Composition of Ulva lactuca Macroalgae From The Coast of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract: Marine macroalgae are known for their rich bioactive compounds, offering various pharmacological benefits. This research was conducted to analyze the phytochemical composition and metabolite profiles of Ulva lactuca, a marine macroalgae, along the coastal region of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The research methodology encompassed three primary phases: assessment of antioxidant scavenging activity, determination of phytochemical composition, and in vivo metabolite profiling. The extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity, evidenced by its 47.22% inhibition rate. Spectral analysis via FTIR revealed prominent peaks at 1019 cm−1, 1654 cm−1, and 3352 cm−1, indicative of the presence of ethers, carbonyls, and hydroxyl groups, respectively. GC-MS analysis, coupled with a literature review, identified a total of 30 phytochemical compounds within Ulva lactuca, several of which possess significant bioactive properties with potential applications as antibacterial agents in both human and animal contexts. Consequently, Ulva lactuca demonstrates promising prospects as a source of antibacterial agents. The implications of this study suggest that Ulva lactuca could be developed as a natural alternative for antibacterial treatments, potentially reducing dependence on synthetic antibiotics in both healthcare and aquaculture industries. Abstrak: Makroalga dikenal karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya yang kaya, yang menawarkan berbagai manfaat farmakologis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis komposisi fitokimia dan profil metabolit dari Ulva lactuca di sepanjang wilayah pesisir Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Metodologi penelitian mencakup tiga fase utama: penilaian aktivitas antioksidan, penentuan komposisi fitokimia, dan profil metabolit in vivo. Ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang signifikan, dibuktikan dengan tingkat inhibisi sebesar 47,22%. Analisis spektral menggunakan FTIR mengungkapkan puncak pada 1019 cm−1, 1654 cm−1, dan 3352 cm−1, yang menunjukkan adanya …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antibacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
subject: macroalgae
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemical profiling
  topic: keywords
subject: Ulva lactuca
  topic: keywords
creator: Said Ali Akbar
creator: Muhammad Hasan
creator: Sari Afriani
creator: Cut Nuzlia
creator: Ilham Zulfahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Said Ali Akbar, Muhammad Hasan, Sari Afriani, Cut Nuzlia, Ilham Zulfahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.25403

The Relationship Between Conflict Risk of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Vegetation Density in The Leuser Ecosystem Area of South Aceh District
type: item
description: Abstract: Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in the Leuser Ecosystem of South Aceh rely heavily on dense and diverse vegetation for food and protection. However, vegetation degradation due to deforestation and land conversion has pushed tigers out of their natural habitat, increasing the risk of conflict with humans which threatens the species' survival. This study aims to analyze the relationship between tiger conflict risk and vegetation density using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The research method combines a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and satellite image-based spatial analysis (Landsat 8/9 or Sentinel) to calculate NDVI, while conflict data was collected through SMART patrols in 13 villages and mapped with ArcGIS. The results show that the Sumatran tiger conflict risk is spatially distributed with a significant level of variation in the study area. High risk dominates with a percentage of 61.5%, mainly concentrated in five sub-districts: Trumon Tengah, Trumon Timur, Tapak Tuan, Kluet Tengah, and Meukek. Meanwhile, moderate risk (23.1%) was identified in Bakongan Timur and Trumon Tengah, and low risk (15.4%) was only found in Bakongan Timur. There is a striking pattern between vegetation density and conflict frequency, with low vegetation areas such as Bakongan Timur (7 cases) and Trumon Tengah (6 cases) recording the highest number of conflicts. In contrast, sub-districts with high vegetation cover such as Meukek, Tapaktuan, and Central Kluet recorded only one case each. These findings strongly indicate that habitat degradation, indicated by low NDVI values, is the main factor driving the increase in negative tiger-human interactions in the region. Abstrak: Harimau Sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) di Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser, Aceh Selatan, sangat bergantung pada vegetasi yang lebat dan beragam sebagai sumber makanan dan perlindungan. Namun, degradasi vegetasi akibat deforestasi dan alih fungsi lahan telah mendor…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leuser
  topic: keywords
subject: Sumatran tiger
  topic: keywords
subject: level of conflict risk
  topic: keywords
subject: NDVI
  topic: keywords
creator: Istafan Najmi
creator: Wira Dharma
creator: Saida Rasnovi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Istafan Najmi, Wira Dharma, Saida Rasnovi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 35
ending page: 56
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.23571

Graft Copolymerization of Natural Rubber With Functionalized Glycidyl Methacrylate Via Thermal and Free Radical Initiation: Effect of Processing Temperatures and Times
type: item
description: Abstract: As an unsaturated elastomer, the natural rubber (NR) is difficult to maintain adhesivity with the other additive materials, limiting their use during the process of manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface to improve thermal and oxidative resistance. This study aims to modify the natural rubber through a functionalization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and its effect on temperatures and times during processing. Functionalization of NR was carried out via free radical initiation by varying the working times and temperatures. Characterizations via FTIR were performed to confirm the functional groups of NR and functionalized NR, while the analysis of grafting was carried out to describe the propose proposed reaction mechanisms. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups contributing to NR including stretching O-H of peptide group (3285 cm-1), stretching and absorption of CH3 (respectively 2725 cm-1 and 1456 cm-1), and functionalized GMA were observed after functionalization (1730 cm-1). Working times and temperatures allowed the GMA to disperse evenly, resulting higher chance of homo-polymerisation via crosslinking of poly-GMA, optimum at 160-190oC. In conclusion, the thermal initiation process at the optimum temperature allows the maximum grafting degree of GMA on NR, reaching up to 80% at 170°C, and results in a much more stable reaction through free radical initiation. Abstrak: Sebagai salah satu elastomer tak jenuh, karet alam (NR) terbatas dalam menjaga kemampuan daya rekatnya dengan bahan aditif lain, sehingga membatasi penggunaan praktisnya dalam proses manufaktur. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan modifikasi khususnya di permukaan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap panas dan oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi NR melalui fungsionalisasi clycidyl metacrylate (GMA) dan mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan waktu selama proses fungsionalisasi berlangsung. Fungsionalisasi NR diinisiasi melalui radikal bebas dengan …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural rubber
  topic: keywords
subject: GMA
  topic: keywords
subject: free radical initiation
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal functionalization
  topic: keywords
subject: temperatures
  topic: keywords
subject: times
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasirsah Nasirsah
creator: Fatma Suryani Harahap
creator: Muhammad Darwis
creator: Iskandar Safri Hasibuan
creator: Syahruddin Aritonang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nasirsah, Fatma Suryani Harahap, Muhammad Darwis, Iskandar Safri Hasibuan, Syahruddin Aritonang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 17
ending page: 34
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.23784

Identifying It Governance and Management Objectives (GMO) With COBIT 2019: Case Study Islamic State University Ar-Raniry
type: item
description: Abstract: The alignment of IT governance with institutional strategies plays a vital role in improving educational services, innovation, professionalism, collaboration, and communication. This study examines IT governance at UIN Ar-Raniry using the COBIT 2019 framework, with a qualitative approach analyzing documents outlining the institution's vision, mission, goals, and strategies. The analysis identifies client service/stability as the priority design factor, focusing on fostering a customer-oriented service culture while addressing critical risks in data and information management. Key challenges include duplication of initiatives, insufficient IT resources, inadequate staff skills, staff dissatisfaction, outdated systems hindering new initiatives, and poor data quality and integration. To address these challenges, 14 prioritized Governance and Management Objectives (GMOs) were identified from COBIT 2019's 40 sub-domains, including EDM02 (Ensure Benefits Delivery), EDM04 (Ensure Resource Optimization), APO02 (Manage Strategy), APO05 (Manage Portfolio), BAI01 (Manage Programs and Projects), and DSS01 (Manage Operations). These GMOs aim to guide IT governance efforts, optimize resources, address organizational inefficiencies, and improve overall performance. This framework is anticipated to enable UIN Ar-Raniry to effectively create value through IT implementation, ensuring alignment with its strategic goals and addressing its most pressing governance issues. Abstrak: Tata elola teknologi informasi (TI) yang selaras dengan strategi institusi memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan layanan pendidikan, inovasi, profesionalisme, kolaborasi, dan komunikasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis tata kelola TI di UIN Ar-Raniry menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 2019, dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang menganalisis dokumen visi, misi, tujuan, dan strategi institusi. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi client service/stability sebagai prioritas dari desain faktor strategi, dengan ting…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COBIT 2019
  topic: keywords
subject: COBIT
  topic: keywords
subject: IT Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: UIN Ar-Raniry
  topic: keywords
creator: Venita Ananda
creator: Ghufran Ibnu Yasa
creator: Ima Dwitawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Venita Ananda, Ghufran Ibnu Yasa, Ima Dwitawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 79
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.26329

Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial Activity Test of Chalcone Analogue Compounds From 1-Acetylnaphthalene With Furfural
type: item
description: Abstract: The development of antibacterials has become crucial due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One such antibacterial is a chalcone analogue compound, known to possess various biological activities useful in medicine. This study aims to synthesize a compound of chalcone analogues and test for anti-bacterial activity. Chalcone analogue compounds from 1-acetylnaphthalene with furfural in this study have been successfully synthesized using a cross aldol condensation reaction with the stirrer method. The structure obtained is a chalcone analogue compound with a synthesis yield of 97%, and the target structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR instruments. In this study, chalcone analogue compounds have anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the agar diffusion testing method. Results of the antibacterial test in this study showed a moderate analogue category for S. aureus bacteria and weak for E. coli bacteria. This is evidenced by the concentration of 40 mg/mL having an inhibition zone for S. aureus bacteria of 9.5 mm and E. coli bacteria of 0.5 mm. Chalcone compounds can be intermediate compounds that can be resynthesized with other compounds and have various biological activities. So, this study can be used as a reference for literacy to develop the theory of synthesis of chalcone analogue compounds as new drug candidates. Abstrak: Pengembangan antibakteri menjadi penting seiring dengan adanya bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Salah satu antibakteri tersebut adalah senyawa analog kalkon yang dikenal memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis yang berguna dalam pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis senyawa analog kalkon dan menguji aktivitas antibakterinya. Senyawa analog kalkon dari 1-asetilnaftalena dengan furfural dalam penelitian ini telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan reaksi kondensasi aldol silang dengan metode pengadukan. Struktur yang diperoleh adalah senyawa analog kalko…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aldol condensation reaction
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-bacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: chalcone analog compound
  topic: keywords
creator: Desti Ayu Maryanti
creator: Dori Fitria
creator: Riski Dwimalida Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Desti Ayu Maryanti, Dori Fitria, Riski Dwimalida Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 142
ending page: 154
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.25536

Characteristics of Liquid Waste-Derived Organic Fertilizer Enriched With Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Ash Through Anaerobic Fermentation
type: item
description: Abstract: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an organic waste with high levels of BOD, N, P, K, and Mg. Its presence in rivers and soil has led to pollution and negative impacts on the environment. One potential solution to this issue is transforming POME into a valuable liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of LOF derived from POME-derived LOF enriched with oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) ash through anaerobic fermentation. A 3.5 L of POME and molasses (5% v/v) were introduced into the anaerobic reactor. OPEFB ash was then added at concentrations of 0.35%, 0.46%, and 0.57% w/v. Fermentation was conducted for 5, 8, and 11 days, and Effective Microorganisms (EM4) with concentrations of 1% and 2% v/v were employed to accelerate LOF formation. The evaluation of LOF involved testing its physical characteristics (color, smell, gas, foam, temperature, and EC), fertilizer chemistry (pH, C-organic, Nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O), and biological aspects (contaminant bacteria E. coli). The results of the physical observations indicated that all LOF variations had fully fermented after 11 days, characterized by the presence of an alcohol-like odor, brownish color, absence of foam, and gas bubbles. Chemical tests revealed that LOF B2 and LOF A1, fermented for 8 days, exhibited the highest levels of N, P, and K, which were 0.08%, 0.05%, 1.26% for LOF B2, and 0.085%, 0.023%, 1.24% for LOF A1, respectively. Furthermore, the test result for E. coli in the LOF B2 and LOF A1 samples after 8 days of fermentation indicated that the E. coli level was below 3 MPN per mL. This confirms that the obtained LOF meets the minimum technical requirements specified in the Minister of Agriculture Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the LOF is suitable for industrial-scale production and application in the agricultural sector. Abstrak: Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (POME) merupakan limbah organik dengan kadar BOD, N, P, K, dan Mg yang tinggi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: liquid organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: anaerobic fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: POME
  topic: keywords
subject: OPEFB ash
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafi Mariska
creator: Muhammad Faisal
creator: Cut Meurah Rosnelly
creator: Erisna Mirda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rafi Mariska, Muhammad Faisal, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Erisna Mirda
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 318
ending page: 333
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.18444

The Effect of Pretreatment Temperature in The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extraction Method on DNA Quality
type: item
description: Abstract: The existing DNA extraction process for Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs a pretreatment step that may not function at its full potential. This inefficient process led to complications in subsequent analysis; thus, it is necessary to determine the successful extraction method with or without adding a pretreatment step. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature pretreatment on the extraction method of M. tuberculosis on the quality of DNA for WGS examination. The research design was analytically descriptive with a kit-based extraction method from ExiPrepTM Dx Mycobacteria Genomic DNA Kit (K-4418), Bioneer. The results of this study were that DNA purity did not differ (p = 0.959) between the pretreatment heating at 950 °C (2.88) and no heating at 950 °C (2.46). DNA concentration did not differ (p-value = 0.111) between pretreatment heating 950C (0.416 ng/µL) and no heating 950C (0.653 ng/µL). The relatively low DNA concentration resulted in the DNA bands not being visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%). In conclusion, our study showed that the pretreatment heating step on M. tuberculosis DNA extraction does not affect DNA purity, concentration, or integrity. This inefficiency step can be discarded from the M. tuberculosis DNA extraction process to simplify the extraction processing. However, other extraction kit approaches need to be explored in future studies. Abstrak: Proses ekstraksi DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang saat ini dilakukan memerlukan pretreatment yang mungkin tidak berpengaruh secara optimal. Proses yang tidak efisiensi berpengaruh terhadap analisis selanjutnya, sehingga perlu untuk mengetahui keberhasilan metode ekstraksi dengan penambahan proses pretreatment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment suhu pada metode ekstraksi M. tuberkulosis terhadap kualitas DNA untuk pemeriksaan WGS. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan metode ekstraksi berbasis kit dari ExiPrepTM Dx Myco…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DNA quality
  topic: keywords
subject: M. tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature pretreatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Sequencing
  topic: keywords
creator: Tri Yuli Setianingsih
creator: Safira Fitri
creator: Daniel Joko Wahyono
creator: Vivi Setiawaty
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tri Yuli Setyaningsih, Safira Fitri, Daniel Joko Wahyono, Vivi Setiawaty
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 240
ending page: 249
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.23062

Photocatalytic Degradation of Batik Cual Wastewater Using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Composite Derived From Tin Tailing
type: item
description: Abstract: Batik cual dye wastewater is produced from the batik cual industry in Bangka, which contains Remazol dye, which is carcinogenic and a non-biodegradable organic compound that can be a pollutant for the environment. The elevated levels of remazol dyes in Batik Cual wastewater necessitate effective and environmentally safe waste management methods. One such method is photodegradation, utilizing a Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite photocatalyst derived from tin tailings sand. The Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composites were synthesized via the hetero-agglomeration method. XRF characterization revealed that the SiO2 content, following purification with HNO3 acid leaching, reached 78.63%. XRD characterization of the tin tailings indicated the presence of peaks corresponding to quartz silica. Phase analysis using XRD diffractograms for the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composites showed peaks of magnetite, quartz silica, and a predominant anatase TiO2 phase with strong diffraction patterns at 2θ angles of 27.42°; 39.19°; 44.00°, and 54.29°. UV-DRS analysis determined the band-gap energy of the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 photocatalyst to be 1.9 eV. Morphological SEM analysis indicated that the synthesized Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite had a spherical, uneven, rough, and porous surface. The photodegradation of the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite on cual batik dye waste showed that the optimal contact time for photodegradation was 60 minutes, and the catalyst dose was 500 mg at 98.1%. Consequently, these findings confirm that the Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite is a viable photocatalyst for photodegradation in handling cual batik dye waste. Abstrak: Limbah zat warna batik cual dihasilkan dari industri batik cual di Bangka yang mengandung zat warna Remazol, bersifat karsinogenik dan merupakan senyawa organik non-biodegradable yang dapat menjadi pencemar bagi lingkungan Tingginya kadar zat warna remazol pada limbah batik cual membutuhkan penanganan limbah yang tepat dan aman bagi lingkungan. Salah satu metode yang dinilai efekti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Photodegradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Photocatalyst
  topic: keywords
subject: Composite
  topic: keywords
subject: Batik cual waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Verry Andre Fabiani
creator: Restani Eka Putri
creator: Lyra Davina
creator: Zelfia Virliana
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Verry Andre Fabiani, Restani Eka Putri, Lyra Davina, Zelfia Virliana
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 221
ending page: 231
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.20506

Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
type: item
description: Abstract: Kimpul Taro tuber is a source of carbohydrates that is widely grown in Indonesia but contains anti-nutritional compounds, namely calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate can cause itching, irritation, and burning sensation in the mouth, skin, and digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of physical methods and activated charcoal on the reduction of calcium oxalate levels in Kimpul taro flour from Aceh Province, Indonesia. The physical method of boiling and steaming with and without the addition of 6% activated charcoal was used in this study. The parameters observed in this study were calcium oxalate content, water content, ash content, crude fiber content, water absorption, and total starch. The results showed that physical treatment can reduce levels of calcium oxalate in Kimpul taro flour. The lowest levels of calcium oxalate were obtained in the boiling method, with calcium oxalate levels of 25.82 mg/100 g. Low oxalate Kimpul taro flour can be used as a local food raw material for food diversification and to reduce the use of wheat flour. Abstrak: Talas Kimpul merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, namun mengandung komponen anti nutrisi yang disebut kalsium oksalat. Kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gatal, iritasi, sensasi terbakar pada mulut, kulit, dan saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kombinasi metode fisik dan arang aktif terhadap penurunan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Metode fisik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perebusan dan pengukusan dengan dan tanpa penambahan 6% arang aktif. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar kalsium oksalat, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, daya serap air, dan total pati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fisik dapat menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul. Kadar kalsium oksalat terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan metode perebusan yaitu 25,82 mg/…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Activated charcoal
  topic: keywords
subject: boiling
  topic: keywords
subject: calcium oxalate
  topic: keywords
subject: kimpul
  topic: keywords
subject: steaming
  topic: keywords
creator: Santi Noviasari
creator: Zaidiyah Zaidiyah
creator: Yanti Meldasari Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Santi Noviasari, Zaidiyah Zaidiyah, Yanti Meldasari Lubis
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 263
ending page: 273
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.17701

Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study
type: item
description: Abstract: Plant use is well documented in many religions, beliefs, and cultures, including Islam. Essential plants of Islam are mentioned in the Quran. Indonesia, a biodiversity-rich country, has numerous medicinal plants, some of which are listed in the Quran. However, scientific approaches to documenting this plant conservation still need to be improved. Thus, this study aims to provide information regarding the conservation status of Quranic medicinal plant species and the ex-situ conservation efforts conducted in Indonesia. This study was conducted using secondary data acquirement. This study found that 35 medicinal plants are listed in the Quran, with two species listed as a vulnerable conservation status. Twelve of these plants are conserved in the Indonesian botanic gardens. At the same time, the newly founded Quranic plant thematic garden in Bogor Botanic Garden also contains several Quranic medicinal plants listed in this study. This study concludes that Quranic medicinal plants exist, and some are already conserved ex-situ in Indonesia. Although conservation should be improved for plants yet to be conserved, the study data could formulate future conservation, education, and research programs covering Quranic plant botany and bioprospecting to support its conservation and sustainable utilization. Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan telah terdokumentasi secara baik dalam berbagai agama, kepercayaan dan kebudayaan, termasuk Islam. Tumbuhan penting dalam Islam disebutkan dalam Al-Quran. Sebagai negara yang kaya biodiversitas, Indonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan obat yang beberapa diantaranya disebutkan pula dalam Al-Quran. Namun, pendekatan ilmiah untuk mendokumentasikan status konservasi tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut masih perlu ditingkatkan. Karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai status konservasi dan upaya konservasi ex-situ tumbuhan obat Al-Quran di Indonesia. Studi ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil studi ini menu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ex-situ
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal plant
  topic: keywords
subject: Quran
  topic: keywords
creator: Saniyatun Mar'atus Solihah
creator: Farid Kuswantoro
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Saniyatun Mar'atus Solihah, Farid Kuswantoro
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 250
ending page: 262
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.24363

Analysis of Microplastics of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra Using FT-IR Spectroscopy
type: item
description: Abstract: Microplastics have become a global concern due to their wide distribution and ecological effects. Understanding the interactions between microplastics and ecosystems is important for environmental risk assessment. This study analyzed the abundance and distribution of microplastics in Lake Singkarak. Substantial microplastic research is still lacking for freshwater biota, so a study was conducted to determine the level of microplastic pollution in bilih fish tissue. The fish's size, weight, and sampling point were studied about microplastic uptake through two channels, digestion and respiration. From the results, the types of polymers identified in this study were polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. Overall, 7.14% - 23.53% (average = 11.48%) of microplastics were identified in the D tract of bilih fish from sixteen different sampling points. While 7.69% - 17.39% (average = 11.85%) of microplastics were identified in the respiration of bilih fish. The highest percentage of the abundance of microplastic forms in the digestions identified was fiber at 70.42% and 66.82% in the digestions. At the same time, The lowest percentage identified was fragmented, with an average abundance of 29.58% in digestion and 33.32% in respiration. In conclusion, this study reveals the presence and impact of microplastics in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, on the bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis). By examining the fish's digestive and respiratory systems and using FT-IR Spectroscopy, the research highlights the ecological and economic implications of microplastic pollution. These findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation and management strategies. Abstrak: Mikroplastik telah menjadi perhatian global karena distribusinya yang luas dan efek ekologisnya. Pemahaman tentang interaksi antara mikroplastik dengan ekosistem dinilai penting untuk penilaian risiko lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan dan distribusi mikroplastik di…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microplastics
  topic: keywords
subject: Digestion
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiration
  topic: keywords
subject: Bilih Fish
  topic: keywords
creator: Calysta Deli Ad'hani
creator: Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
creator: Shinta Silvia
creator: Fitri Yuranda
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Calysta Deli Ad'hani, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Shinta Silvia, Fitri Yuranda
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 205
ending page: 220
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.22336

Implications of Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan Deforestation on Plant Diversity for Bucerotidae Bird Feed in Aceh Province
type: item
description: Abstract: This study investigates the ecological impact of forest destruction within the Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park, specifically focusing on its implications for food availability for the avian family Bucerotidae. The research aims to examine the practices contributing to forest destruction within the Tahura ecosystem, analyze the consequential effects of this destruction on the diversity of food sources available to Bucerotidae species, and propose potential solutions to mitigate the identified challenges to Bucerotidae sustenance. Employing an exploratory survey methodology, the research utilizes direct observation techniques to gather data at the study site. Qualitative descriptive analysis is employed to interpret the collected data and draw meaningful conclusions. The distribution of deforestation locations was analyzed using ArcGIS software. The distribution of forest damage is displayed in maps, pictures, and tables. The study results showed that forest damage in the Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan area resulted in forest conversion into plantations, illegal logging, and forest burning for business purposes. There are nine species of bird feed plants in the Bucerotidae family found in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan. The implications of forest destruction include decreasing the number of bird feed plants of the Bucerotidae family. The species were Ara Hutan (Ficus fistulosa Reinw ex Blume), Beringin (Ficus benjamina L), Empanai (Ficus altassima L), Ndalai (Ficus ampelas Burm.F), Medang (Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson), Rambai (Baccaurea bracteata Müll.Arg), Walen (Ficus virens W.A.T.). The remaining nine species are dominated by the Moracea family (77%); in addition, there are also plant species from the Euphorbiaceae (14%) and Phyllanthaceae (9%). Ensuring the sustained availability of food plant resources for the Bucerotidae family necessitates a multi-pronged approach; Habitat restoration through the reclamation of degraded forest areas is crucial; …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deforestation
  topic: keywords
subject: Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan
  topic: keywords
subject: Forage Plants Bucerotidae
  topic: keywords
creator: Samsul Kamal
creator: Djufri Djufri
creator: Muhammad Ali Sarong
creator: Muhammad Rusdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Samsul Kamal, Djufri Djufri, Muhammad Ali Sarong, Muhammad Rusdi
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 301
ending page: 317
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.26691

Production of Lipase Enzyme by Marine Actinobacteria With Various pH and Temperature
type: item
description: Abstract: The demand for enzymes as biocatalysts in industry is very high. Research and development of different types of enzymes from different sources has started. One very important enzyme to study is the enzyme lipase. Lipase enzymes are enzymes of the hydrolase class that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Lipases are found in a variety of sources including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Marine microorganisms, including marine actinobacteria, cannot be separated from this enzyme source's research and development process. The purpose of this study was to obtain a test protocol and optimal pH and temperature conditions for the hydrolysis reaction by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria. Optimal pH and temperature conditions for hydrolysis reactions by lipase enzymes from marine actinobacteria using spectrophotometry at different pH values and different temperatures of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C are measured at a wavelength of 405 nm. The results showed that the activity of the lipase enzyme at pH 9 with Tris-HCl buffer was the optimum pH, and the temperature of 70°C was the optimum temperature for the lipase hydrolysis reaction of marine actinobacteria. Abstrak: Kebutuhan enzim sebagai biokatalisator dalam bidang industri sangat tinggi. Berbagai macam enzim dari beragam sumber sudah mulai diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu enzim yang sangat penting untuk diteliti adalah enzim lipase. Enzim lipase merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase yang mengkatalis proses hidrolisis trigliserida menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak bebas. Lipase dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai sumber seperti pada hewan, tumbuhan, dan mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme laut tidak terlepas dari proses penelitian dan pengembangan sumber enzim ini termasuk Actinobacteria laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh protokol uji dan kondisi pH dan temperatur optimum reaksi hidrolisis …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Actinobacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipase
  topic: keywords
subject: pH
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Rizqi Aulia
creator: Eva Agustriana
creator: Lenni Fitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Rizqi Aulia, Eva Agustriana, Lenni Fitri
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 232
ending page: 239
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.16724

Screening and Identification of Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm. Endophytic Bacteria From Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province
type: item
description: Abstract: The mangrove plants from Enggano Island are found in a well-preserved ecosystem. Mangroves contain secondary metabolite compounds that result from the interaction between plants and endophytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba Sm. from Enggano Island and to assess bacterial diversity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated using grinding and then diluted with serial dilutions of 10-1, 10-3, and 10-5. The growing bacteria were purified using the quadrant streak method. They were then identified by observing colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including catalase, motility, citrate, urea, and sugar fermentation tests. Bacterial identification was carried out using Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. A total of 22 endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba from Enggano Island, consisting of 4 genera: Bacillus, Marinococcus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas. There were 17 isolates closely related to the genus of Bacillus, 1 isolate closely related to the Marinococcus, 2 isolates closely related to the Micrococcus, and 2 isolates closely related to the Pseudomonas. Abstrak: Tumbuhan mangrove asal Pulau Enggano berada pada ekosistem yang masih terjaga. Mangrove memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang merupakan hasil interaksi antara tumbuhan dan bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri endofit tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba Sm. asal Pulau Enggano dan mendapatkan keanekaragaman bakteri. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan metode gerus, kemudian diencerkan dengan pengenceran berseri dari 10-1, 10-3, dan 10-5. Bakteri yang tumbuh dimurnikan dengan metode gores kuadran. Kemudian diidentifikasi dengan mengamati morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, dan uji biokimia meliputi uji katalase, uji motilitas, uji sitrat, uji urea, uji gula-gula. Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dengan bu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: endophytic bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Enggano island
  topic: keywords
subject: bacterial screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Sonneratia alba Sm
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatimatuzzahra Fatimatuzzahra
creator: Risky Hadi Wibowo
creator: Sipriyadi Sipriyadi
creator: Putri Hezekiel Claracia Simanjuntak
creator: Yar Johan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Fatimatuzzahra, Risky Hadi Wibowo, Sipriyadi, Putri Hezekiel Claracia Simanjuntak, Yar Johan
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 274
ending page: 288
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.19120

Chars From Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal Tandem Pyrolysis Carbonizations of Polyvinyl Chloride: Dechlorination Ability and Its Surface Characterization
type: item
description: Abstract: The hydrothermal carbonization method has been applied in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) conversion. The polymer was transformed to char safely without the formation of harmful emissions. PVC's chlorine content was removed through a nucleophilic reaction by reactive subcritical water and captured by alkali ions as stable salt. The PVC bulk was dechlorinated and carbonized by subcritical water inside the hydrothermal reactor at 200 °C for 120 minutes. The solid chars obtained then were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and Transmission Electron Microscope. As a comparison, the chars were also pyrolyzed further to obtain the thermal char characteristics. The char products obtained by hydrothermal (hydrochar) and hydrothermal-pyrolysis (hydro-pyrochar) yielded 94.96% and 48.08%, respectively. The infrared spectra showed that both hydrochar and hydro-pyrochar consist of aliphatic carbon and hydrophilic functional groups of C=O and OH. The morphological images observed by Scanning Electron Microscope on the magnification of 3000x showed the smooth granular particle for hydrochar and the irregular rough particle for hydro-pyrochar. The chlorine contents from surface analysis by energy dispersive X-ray in hydrochar were decreased down to 23.24 mass percentage from 56.80 mass percentage in PVC, while in hydro-pyrochar, there is no chlorine content observed in the particle surfaces. The particle images investigated by Transmission Electron Microscope revealed that the particle shape of hydrochar was granular while the hydro-pyrochar was cylindrical. The particle sizes of hydrochar and hydro-pyrochar were calculated in the range of 36-180 nm and 8-40 nm, respectively. Abstrak: Metode karbonisasi hidrotermal telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam konversi polivinil klorida (PVC). Polimer diubah menjadi arang dengan cara yang aman tanpa menghasilkan emisi berbahaya. Klorin dalam PVC dikeluarkan melalui reaksi nu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: polyvinylchloride
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrothermal carbonization
  topic: keywords
subject: surface characterization
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrochar
  topic: keywords
subject: hydro-pyrochar
  topic: keywords
creator: Muslem Muslem
creator: Hayatun Nufus
creator: Muammar Yulian
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muslem Muslem, Hayatun Nufus, Muammar Yulian
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 289
ending page: 300
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.25852

Analysis of Visitors’ Perceptions on Circulation Comfort and Accessibility at Masjid Raya Baiturrahman Banda Aceh
type: item
description: Abstract: Studies on spatial comfort and circulation effectiveness in mosque complexes, particularly those integrating universal design principles and national accessibility standards, remain limited in Indonesia. This study aims to assess visitors’ perceptions of spatial comfort and circulation effectiveness in the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque, Banda Aceh, in relation to Permen PUPR No.14/Prt/M/2017. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied, combining field observations, semi-structured interviews with 40 visitors, and spatial layout analysis. Findings reveal that 74% of visitors considered the overall circulation effective, while 26% perceived it as less comfortable or uncomfortable. Key shortcomings include narrow ramps in less strategic locations, escalators that are frequently non-operational, long walking distances to the women’s ablution area, the absence of guiding blocks for visually impaired users, and slippery marble floors during rain. Practical recommendations include widening and relocating ramps, ensuring escalator functionality, installing guiding blocks, applying anti-slip coatings, reducing travel distances for vulnerable groups, and improving signage with larger fonts, higher contrast, and the addition of the Acehnese language. These findings offer empirically grounded recommendations to enhance inclusivity and accessibility in large-scale religious complexes, serving as a reference for architects, facility managers, and policymakers. Abstrak: Kajian mengenai kenyamanan spasial dan efektivitas sirkulasi pada kompleks masjid, khususnya yang mengintegrasikan prinsip desain universal dan standar aksesibilitas nasional, masih terbatas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai persepsi pengunjung terhadap kenyamanan spasial dan efektivitas sirkulasi di Masjid Raya Baiturrahman, Banda Aceh, dalam kaitannya dengan Permen PUPR No.14/Prt/M/2017. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dengan mengombinasikan observasi lapangan, wawancara se…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: visitors’ perceptions
  topic: keywords
subject: circulation comfort
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive architecture
  topic: keywords
creator: Safriza Putra
creator: Safwan Safwan
creator: Cut Nursaniah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Safriza Putra, Safwan Safwan, Cut Nursaniah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 16
ending page: 30
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.28118

Utilization of Piji Palm [Pinanga coronata (Blume) Blume] by People Around Baturraden Botanical Garden, Banyumas Regency, Central Jawa
type: item
description: Abstract: Baturraden Botanical Garden is an ex-situ plant conservation area at the foot of Mount Slamet, Central Java. People around this botanical garden continue to live traditional lives, utilizing plants in their daily lives, including the Piji palm (P. coronata). However, knowledge regarding the use of the P. coronata palm in Indonesia has never been reported; therefore, it needs to be explored to increase ethnobotanical information. This study aimed to obtain utilization information from P. coronata in daily life. The study was conducted in April 2024 in the area around Baturraden Botanical Garden, Baturraden District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. Information was collected using an interview method using a snowball sampling technique with 37 respondents who were deemed to have broad and specific knowledge of the use of P. coronata. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that people around the Baturraden Botanical Garden utilize P. coronata from nature (growing wild) to support daily life, which is divided into 8 (eight) aspects, including traditional medicine (fruit and shoot parts), ornamental/decorative plants (whole plants and leaves), environmental role (whole plants, stems, and leaves), building materials (stems and leaves), animal feed (leaves and fruit), food ingredients (stem shoots), ritual/culture (leaves and fruit), and handicrafts/tools/toys (stems, leaves, and fruit). The three parts of P. coronata that have high potential and economic value in the industry include the whole plant (ornamental/decorative plants), leaves (crafts), and stem shoots (traditional medicine and food). Abstrak: Kebun Raya Baturraden merupakan kawasan konservasi tumbuhan ex situ yang berada di kaki Gunung Slamet, Jawa Tengah. Kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kebun raya ini masih tradisional, sehingga pemanfaatan tumbuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masih dilakukan seperti pemanfaatan palem Piji (P. coronata). Namun demikian, pen…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arecacea
  topic: keywords
subject: conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: ethnobotany
  topic: keywords
subject: palm
  topic: keywords
creator: Saniyatun Mar'atus Solihah
creator: Mega Atria
creator: Joko Ridho Witono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saniyatun Mar’atus Solihah, Mega Atria, Joko Ridho Witono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 80
ending page: 95
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.26301

Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) and Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Leaves as Natural Antioxidant Food Additive
type: item
description: Abstract: Food additives are components that affect the nature and/or shape of food. One of them is antioxidants added to food products that contain oil to prevent oxidation that causes damage to food ingredients characterized by a rancid aroma. Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L. Kunth)) and Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) leaves are used as natural antioxidants to prevent such damage. This study aims to determine the class of compounds in both plant extracts, their antioxidant activity, and the effect of adding these extracts to bulk cooking oil. The extraction of Suruhan and Senggani leaves is carried out using maceration with ethanol. In phytochemical tests, both Senggani and Suruhan leaf extracts showed positive results in containing flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins. An antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) measured absorption at a maximum wavelength of 518 nm and compared it with antioxidant synthesis TBHQ (tert-butyl hydroquinone). The results showed that Suruhan and Senggani leaves had moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 131.5575 and 119.0362 ppm, respectively. The two extracts with the highest inhibitory value of 38.3657% were then applied to bulk cooking oil, which was heated at 60°C and 180°C and compared to the addition of TBHQ to bulk cooking oil. The results showed that the natural antioxidants of Suruhan and Senggani leaf extracts could inhibit damage to bulk cooking oil during the heating process by reducing the peroxide number and free fatty acid levels in bulk cooking oil. Abstrak: Bahan tambahan pangan merupakan komponen yang ditambahkan untuk mempengaruhi sifat dan atau bentuk suatu bahan pangan. Salah satunya adalah antioksidan yang ditambahkan pada produk pangan yang mengandung minyak dengan tujuan mencegah oksidasi penyebab rusaknya bahan pangan yang ditandai dengan aroma tengik. Daun suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) dan senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) digunak…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: senggani leaves
  topic: keywords
subject: suruhan leaves
  topic: keywords
subject: DPPH
  topic: keywords
subject: bulk cooking oil
  topic: keywords
creator: Nunung Kurniasih
creator: Yusuf Rohmatulloh
creator: Citra Dewi Pratiwi
creator: Putri Imarotul Muttaqi
creator: Mohamad Nurul Azmi B Mohamad Taib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nunung Kurniasih, Yusuf Rohmatulloh, Citra Dewi Pratiwi, Putri Imarotul Muttaqi, Mohamad Nurul Azmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 127
ending page: 141
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v11i2.26503

Effect of Acetobacter aceti Concentration and Fermentation Time on Acetic Acid Content Produced From Seaweed Gracilaria sp.
type: item
description: Abstract: This study evaluates the conversion of Gracilaria sp. seaweed into acetic acid using the bacterium Acetobacter aceti. Acid hydrolysis breaks down the carbohydrates in Gracilaria sp. into glucose, which is then fermented by Acetobacter aceti to produce acetic acid. Assessed the impact of varying concentrations of Acetobacter aceti and different fermentation durations on acetic acid yield. Results indicated that Gracilaria sp. produced bioethanol at approximately 7.108% using bread yeast and 1.572% with tapai yeast. The bioethanol from bread yeast was used for fermentation. FTIR analysis revealed specific absorption peaks for hydroxyl (OH) at 3248 cm⁻¹, carbonyl (C=O) at 1635.64 cm⁻¹, and carbon-oxygen (C-O) at 1249 cm⁻¹. Acetic acid concentrations were influenced by the concentration of Acetobacter aceti (5%, 10%, 15%) and fermentation time (7, 10, 13 days), with the highest concentration of 0.380% achieved after 10 days at 10% Acetobacter aceti. Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengevaluasi perubahan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. menjadi asam asetat menggunakan bakteri Acetobacter aceti. Hidrolisis asam memecah karbohidrat dalam Gracilaria sp. menjadi glukosa, yang kemudian difermentasi menggunakan Acetobacter aceti untuk menghasilkan asam asetat. Pengaruh dari berbagai konsentrasi Acetobacter aceti dan durasi fermentasi yang berbeda pada hasil asam asetat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bioetanol Gracilaria sp. diproduksi sekitar 7,108% menggunakan ragi roti dan 1,572% dengan ragi tapai. Bioetanol dari ragi roti digunakan untuk fermentasi. Analisis FTIR mengungkapkan puncak serapan spesifik untuk hidroksil (OH) pada 3248 cm⁻¹, karbonil (C=O) pada 1635,64 cm⁻¹, dan karbon-oksigen (C-O) pada 1249 cm⁻¹. Konsentrasi asam asetat dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi Acetobacter aceti (5%, 10%, 15%) dan lama fermentasi (7, 10, 13 hari), dengan konsentrasi tertinggi sebesar 0,380% dicapai setelah 10 hari pada 10% Acetobacter aceti.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gracilaria sp
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioethanol
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Yeast
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetobacter aceti
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ridwan Harahap
creator: Reni Silvia Nasution
creator: Husniah Nadhifa
creator: Ana Khairani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ridwan Harahap, Reni Silvia Nasution, Husniah Nadhifa, Ana Khairani
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 125
ending page: 137
doi: 10.22373/ekw.v9i1.26631